Lorsqu\u2019il s\u2019agit de se pr\u00e9parer \u00e0 une grossesse, l\u2019importance d\u2019un apport suffisant en acide folique ne peut \u00eatre surestim\u00e9e. Cette vitamine B essentielle joue un r\u00f4le crucial dans la r\u00e9duction du risque d\u2019anomalies du tube neural (ATN) \u2013 de graves malformations cong\u00e9nitales affectant la moelle \u00e9pini\u00e8re et le cerveau. Le tube neural se forme tr\u00e8s t\u00f4t au cours de la grossesse, \u00e0 un moment o\u00f9 la plupart des femmes enceintes ignorent encore l\u2019existence de leur b\u00e9b\u00e9. Pour que le tube neural se d\u00e9veloppe normalement et sainement, il a besoin d'un apport suffisant en acide folique de la part de la m\u00e8re. Avec environ 3 000 grossesses aux \u00c9tats-Unis touch\u00e9es par des MTN chaque ann\u00e9e, il est primordial de garantir des niveaux ad\u00e9quats d\u2019acide folique pour la sant\u00e9 maternelle et f\u0153tale.<\/p>\n
Les autorit\u00e9s sanitaires du monde entier recommandent de prendre au moins 400 \u00b5g d'acide folique un mois avant la conception et pendant le premier trimestre de la grossesse. Il a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9montr\u00e9 que ce r\u00e9gime diminue le risque d'ATN jusqu'\u00e0 70%, et de nouvelles recherches sugg\u00e8rent \u00e9galement des avantages potentiels dans la r\u00e9duction du risque d'autres malformations cong\u00e9nitales.<\/p>\n
Cependant, parmi les conseils sur l\u2019acide folique, une confusion surgit souvent quant au choix entre l\u2019acide folique et son homologue naturel, le folate. Alors, qu\u2019est-ce qui distingue exactement ces deux-l\u00e0 ?<\/p>\n
Folate sert de terme g\u00e9n\u00e9rique pour d\u00e9signer \u00e0 la fois le folate alimentaire naturel et l\u2019acide folique synth\u00e9tique pr\u00e9sent dans les suppl\u00e9ments. Bien que la biodisponibilit\u00e9 du folate alimentaire soit inf\u00e9rieure \u00e0 celle de l\u2019acide folique synth\u00e9tique, ce dernier pr\u00e9sente une plus grande stabilit\u00e9 et constitue la forme privil\u00e9gi\u00e9e de suppl\u00e9mentation.<\/p>\n
Il est important de noter que les deux formes n\u00e9cessitent une conversion en forme active, le 5-m\u00e9thylt\u00e9trahydrofolate (5-MTHF), avant de pouvoir \u00eatre utilis\u00e9es par l'organisme. Alors que la plupart des folates alimentaires subissent cette conversion dans le syst\u00e8me digestif, une partie importante de l'acide folique doit \u00eatre convertie dans le foie ou d'autres tissus, un processus facilit\u00e9 par l'enzyme MTHFR. Cependant, les variations g\u00e9n\u00e9tiques du MTHFR peuvent entraver cette conversion, affectant ainsi l\u2019efficacit\u00e9 de la suppl\u00e9mentation en folate\/acide folique.<\/p>\n
Pour les personnes dont la conversion est alt\u00e9r\u00e9e, les options incluent une suppl\u00e9mentation avec 400 \u00b5g de la forme active de folate ou le doublement de la dose recommand\u00e9e d\u2019acide folique \u00e0 800 \u00b5g par jour pour atteindre les niveaux protecteurs souhait\u00e9s de folate dans le sang.<\/p>\n
\u00ab En g\u00e9n\u00e9ral, les vitamines contiennent 400 \u00e0 800 mcg d'acide folique, mais certaines contiennent \u00e0 la place d'autres formes de folate (comme le 5-MTHF). L\u2019acide folique est la seule forme de folate qui aide \u00e0 pr\u00e9venir les MTN. Il n\u2019existe aucune \u00e9tude scientifique d\u00e9montrant que les suppl\u00e9ments contenant d\u2019autres formes de folate peuvent pr\u00e9venir les MTN. Il est important de rappeler aux patients de v\u00e9rifier les \u00e9tiquettes des suppl\u00e9ments pour s'assurer qu'ils contiennent de l'acide folique. \u00bb Centres am\u00e9ricains pour le contr\u00f4le et la pr\u00e9vention des maladies<\/p><\/blockquote>\n
Avantages de 800 \u00b5g d'acide folique<\/h2>\n
Selon le professeur Christian Thaler de l'Universit\u00e9 de Munich, cette dose plus \u00e9lev\u00e9e d'acide folique profite \u00e0 la fertilit\u00e9 et am\u00e9liore les r\u00e9sultats chez les patientes FIV pr\u00e9sentant la variante g\u00e9n\u00e9tique. Il acc\u00e9l\u00e8re \u00e9galement l\u2019atteinte de niveaux sanguins protecteurs de folate. De plus, les recherches men\u00e9es par Jorge Chavarro de la Harvard School of Public Health sugg\u00e8rent qu'un apport quotidien en acide folique sup\u00e9rieur \u00e0 730 \u00b5g peut r\u00e9duire le risque d'avortement spontan\u00e9 et de mortinatalit\u00e9.<\/p>\n
Fortes de ces connaissances, les femmes qui planifient une grossesse peuvent en toute confiance compl\u00e9ter leur 800 \u00b5g d'acide folique par jour<\/a> d'au moins un mois avant la conception jusqu'au premier trimestre, garantissant une soutien<\/a> pour la sant\u00e9 maternelle et f\u0153tale.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
Les r\u00e9f\u00e9rences<\/h3>\n
Centres am\u00e9ricains pour le contr\u00f4le et la pr\u00e9vention des maladies https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/folic-acid\/hcp\/clinical-overview\/<\/p>\n
Chavarro JE, Rich-Edwards JW, Gaskins AJ, Farland LV, Terry KL, ScD, Zhang C, Missmer SA. Contributions des \u00e9tudes sur la sant\u00e9 des infirmi\u00e8res \u00e0 la recherche sur la sant\u00e9 reproductive. AJPH 2016, Vol 106, n\u00b0 9.<\/p>\n
Pietrzik K. et coll. \u00c9tude randomis\u00e9e, contr\u00f4l\u00e9e par placebo, en double aveugle \u00e9valuant l'efficacit\u00e9 d'un suppl\u00e9ment multivitamin\u00e9 contenant de l'acide folique pour augmenter les taux de folate \u00e9rythrocytaire chez les jeunes femmes en \u00e2ge de procr\u00e9er. Ann de Nutr & Metab 2005\u00a0; 6.7.29\u00a0: 368.<\/p>\n
Le juge en chef Thaler. M\u00e9tabolisme du folate et reproduction humaine. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd. Septembre 2014;74(9):845-851.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
When it comes to preparing for pregnancy, the importance of sufficient folic acid intake cannot be overstated. This essential B-vitamin plays a crucial role in reducing the risk of neural tube defects (NTDs) \u2013 serious birth defects affecting the spinal cord and brain. The neural tube forms very early in pregnancy, at a time when […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":12165,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[213,174],"tags":[248,247,249,205,250,251],"class_list":["post-12161","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-preconception","category-pregnancy","tag-folate","tag-folic-acid","tag-neural-tube-disorder","tag-preconception","tag-prenatal","tag-vitamins"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n
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